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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
The history of Poland during the Piast dynasty is the first major stage in the history of Poland. The Piast period lasted from the late 9th through the 14th century, when Poland was established as a state and a nation during the Middle Ages of European history. The history of the Polish state commences with the founding of the Piast dynasty by Siemowit, succeeded by Lestek and Siemomysł, and finally Mieszko I around 960, when his rule began.〔 The indigenous Piast ruling house was largely responsible for the formation of the Polish state and remained in power until the second half of the 14th century. Mieszko chose to be baptized in the Western Latin Rite in 966, which established a major cultural boundary in Europe. Mieszko completed the unification of the West Slavic tribal lands fundamental to the existence of the new country of Poland.〔
Following the emergence of the Polish nation, a series of rulers converted the population to Christianity, created a strong kingdom and integrated Poland into the European culture. Mieszko's son, Bolesław I Chrobry, established a Polish Church province, pursued territorial conquests and was officially crowned in 1025, becoming the first King of Poland. The first Piast monarchy collapsed with the death of Mieszko II Lambert in 1034, followed by its restoration under Casimir I. Casimir's son, Bolesław II the Bold, brought back the military assertiveness of Bolesław I, but became fatally involved in a conflict with Bishop Stanislaus of Szczepanów, and was expelled from the country.〔
Bolesław III, the last duke of the early period, succeeded in defending his country and recovering territories previously lost. Upon his death in 1138, Poland was divided among his sons. The resulting internal fragmentation eroded the initial Piast monarchy structure in the 12th and 13th centuries and caused fundamental and lasting changes. Konrad I of Masovia invited the Teutonic Knights to help him fight the Baltic Prussian pagans, which led to centuries of Poland's warfare with the Knights and the German Prussian state.〔
The Kingdom was restored under Władysław I the Elbow-high, then strengthened and expanded by his son Casimir III the Great. The western provinces of Silesia and Pomerania were lost after the fragmentation, and Poland began expanding to the east. The period ended with the reigns of two members of the Angevin dynasty. The consolidation in the 14th century laid the base for the new powerful Kingdom of Poland that was to follow.〔
== 10th–12th century ==
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